ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo analyze the visual status and its influencing factors among preschool children in Tongzhou District. MethodsFrom March to August 2022， a stratified cluster sampling was used to include 2 199 preschool children as study subjects. Visual acuity examination and parental questionnaire surveys were conducted， and a multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencing factors for visual abnormalities. ResultsThe detection rate of abnormal naked-eye vision among 2 199 students was 13.60%. The rates of visual abnormalities in children aged 4， 5， and 6 were 9.02%， 18.01%， and 11.82%， respectively. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that compared with boys， children between 4 and 5 years old， children who first played with electronic products at the age of ≥4 ， those with good home lighting， those who often/always took a break and looked into the distance after using your eyes for 30 minutes， those who never watched TV at a distance < 2 meters， and children with parental knowledge-attitude-practice （KAP） scores above 0.7， girls （OR=1.411，95%CI： 1.095‒1.819）， children between 5 and 6 years old （OR=2.303，95%CI： 1.726‒3.071） ， children who first played with electronic products under 4 years old （OR=2.464，95%CI： 1.120‒5.424）， those with poor home lighting environment （OR=2.229，95%CI： 1.295‒3.835）， those who never （OR=1.862，95%CI：1.115‒3.110） or occasionally/ sometimes （OR=1.997，95%CI：1.268‒3.145） took a break and looked into the distance after using your eyes for 30 minutes， those who watched TV occasionally/sometimes at a distance < 2 meters （OR=1.369，95%CI： 1.011‒1.855）， and those with parental KAP scores under 0.7 （OR=1.780，95%CI： 1.005‒3.155） had a higher risk of abnormal visual acuity. ConclusionThe prevalence of abnormal visual acuity in preschool children is high， and there are multiple influencing factors. Attention should be paid to vision screening and healthy eye-use behavior education for preschool children to reduce the occurrence of visual abnormalities.
ABSTRACT
ObjectiveTo describe the neuropsychological development screening of 0‒2 years in Tongzhou from 2017 to 2021 so as to understand the status and trend of developmental delay （DD）. MethodsAnnual report data of 21 community health service centers in Tongzhou District from 2017 to 2021 were clustered， Chi square test was used to analyze the differences in positive rate and DD rate of children aged 0‒2 years with different ages and household registration， and Chi square trend test was used to analyze the linear trend of each age group and household registration. The Gesell test results in 762 children with developmental delay were analyzed， and Chi square test was used to compare the age distribution differences in gross motor， fine motor， language and personal-social behaviors. ResultsThe DD rate of children aged 0‒2 years in 2017‒2021 was 0.43％. A decreasing trend of DD rate in the 0‒ age group was observed （χ2=14.135， P<0.001）， while an increasing trend of DD rate in the 1‒ and <3 age groups was observed （χ2=5.375， P=0.020； χ2=5.558， P=0.018）. The DD rate of children aged 0‒2 years with Beijing household registration was higher （χ2=12.504， P<0.001）. The DD rate of gross motor was the highest in the 0‒ age group （64.60%）， the DD rate of language was the highest in the <3 age group （85.97%）， and a statistically significant difference of gross motor and language was separately found in the three age groups （χ2=183.061， P<0.001； χ2=78.450， P<0.001）. ConclusionAge and Beijing household registration are the influencing factors of DD for children aged 0‒2， and 0‒ years and <3 years are the critical periods for guidance and intervention to promote the development of gross motor and language abilities.